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CO2 emissions arise from the burning of fossil fuels by energy providers and on site heating. CO2 emissions are calculated from the energy consumed using standard conversion factors and vary in line with the amount and mix of energy used.

The increase in non hazardous waste reflects better reporting of the recycling residues which are now included in non hazardous waste rather than recycled waste.

The chromium plating plant at Memphis was rebuilt so that the frequent emptying of the plant and subsequent disposal of hazardous waste experience in 2005 was unnecessary. The 2004 hazardous waste figure excludes a spillage of chrome plating materials which occurred at our Memphis manufacturing site.

The decrease in waste recycled is attributable to a decrease in the volume of machined metal waste and the better reporting of recycling residues mentioned above.

Adjusting for increased production, the energy consumption within Orthopaedics fell by 9% in 2007.

Water consumption rose in 2007 because of an increased demand for cooling water.

CO2 emissions arise from the burning of fossil fuels by energy providers and on site heating.  CO2 emissions are calculated from the energy consumed using standard conversion factors and vary in line with amount and mix of energy used.

The closure of the Dascomb Road facility in April 2007 led to a reduction in all the environmental impacts.

CO2 emissions arise from the burning of fossil fuels by energy providers and on site heating. CO2 emissions are calculated from the energy consumed using standard conversion factors and vary in line with the amount and mix of energy used.

Specific initiatives to segregate waste and enable increased recycling have had great effect with a 30% reduction in waste to landfill and an increase from 7 to 21% in the percentage of waste recycled.

Water consumption fell by 29% as a result in changes in production and water saving initiatives.

Absolute data on key environmental measures has been provided for the sake of consistency with previous reports and to give the overview of the actual environmental impact of our business. However, the structure of Smith & Nephew and the profile of the business have changed significantly in recent years so that comparisons on an absolute basis can be misleading. Therefore, the same information, normalised as a function of output, has been provided. In previous reports this was achieved by using cost of goods in Quarter 1, 2002 for the base. However, it has not been possible to separate the volumes produced by third party suppliers within Orthopaedics and Endoscopy. The normalised figures gave an over optimistic view of the environmental impacts. This report provides the percentage change in key environmental indicators based purely on the cost of goods from the sites. It therefore provides a more reliable indication of the change in environmental performance. The availability of data requires that the new baseline for normalisation is 2005.  The Group's environmental impacts normalised for production have been shown elsewhere in this report.  The variation by GBU is as follows.